Hipoglucemia hiperinsulínica en un adulto con nesidioblastosis / Hyperinsulinic Hypoglycemia in an Adult with Nesidioblastosis

RESUMEN Introducción: La Nesidioblastosis es una rara afección pancreática que provoca hipoglucemia por hipersinsulinismo endógeno en la infancia. Es poco habitual en el adulto; solo se han publicado casos aislados desde su descripción. Objetivo: Caracterizar la presentación de una hipoglucemia hiperinsulínica en un paciente adulto con Nesidioblastosis. Caso clínico: Paciente adulto de 35 años, blanco, sexo masculino, sospecha de insulinoma, con episodios de hipoglucemia en ayunas o tras un ejercicio que revertía con la ingesta de alimentos o soluciones glucosadas. Se le realizó pancreatectomía de un 85 por ciento y en el estudio histológico se detectó una Nesidioblastosis. Conclusiones: Es infrecuente en el adulto, realizar su diagnóstico es difícil, se llega a la cirugía con el conocimiento de un estado hiperinsulínico endógeno, sin la certeza de su origen(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Nesidioblastosis is a rare pancreatic condition that causes hypoglycemia due to endogenous hypersinsulinism in childhood. It is unusual in adults; only isolated cases have been published including its description. Objective: To characterize a case of hyperinsulinic hypoglycemia, in an adult patient with nesidioblastosis. Clinical case: A 35-year-old, white, male, adult patient with suspected insulinoma, with episodes of hypoglycemia in the fasting state or after exercise that was reversed with ingestion of food or glucose solutions. 85 percent pancreatectomy was performed and nesidioblastosis was detected in the histological study. Conclusions: It is rare in adults, making its diagnosis is difficult, and surgery is reached with the knowledge of an endogenous hyperinsulinic state, without the certainty of its origin(AU)

Hipoglicemia posprandial secundaria a síndrome dumping / Postprandial hypoglycemia secondary to dumping síndrome

La hipoglicemia en pacientes no diabéticos se define como un nivel sérico menor de 55 mg/dL que puede ser parte de la tríada de Whipple (síntomas de hipoglicemia, niveles bajos de glucosa sérica y resolución de la sintomatología tras la normalización de la glicemia). Puede ser mediada o no por insulina, dando manifestaciones en ayunas (posabsorptiva) o posprandiales (reactiva). Con el aumento de la cirugía bariátrica se ha observado una mayor incidencia de complicaciones como la hipoglicemia posprandial por el síndrome de dumping. Presentación del caso: paciente con antecedente de cirugía bariátrica y evidencia posoperatoria de hipoglicemia posprandial. Las pruebas de ayuno y de alimentos mixtos confirmó el síndrome de dumping. Discusión y conclusiones: la hipoglicemia es una urgencia médica frecuente, en la mayoría de los casos secundaria al uso de medicamentos en pacientes con diabetes mellitus. No obstante, en los no diabéticos puede presentarse de forma espontánea y estar relacionada con múltiples condiciones clínicas. En el posoperatorio de cirugía bariátrica, la aparición del síndrome de dumping puede ser incapacitante, con manifestaciones tempranas o tardías. El diagnóstico se basa en la clínica y en estudios funcionales e imagenológicos que confirmen la presencia de hipoglicemia posprandial y un rápido vaciamiento gástrico. El tratamiento inicial se basa en cambios en la alimentación, aunque pueden ser necesarios fármacos e incluso procedimientos quirúrgicos cuando hay refractariedad. Es por esto que la elección de los pacientes llevados a cirugía bariátrica debe ser realizado por un grupo multidisciplinario.

Hypoglycemia in non-diabetics has been defined as a post-prandial glucose level of less than 55 mg/dl which may be part of Whipple ́s triad (symptoms of hypoglycemia, low plasma glucose and relief of symptoms with the correction of low glucose). It may be mediated by insulin or may not be mediated by insulin, with fasting (postabsorbative) or postprandial (reactive) manifestations. The incidence of complications, such as, postprandial hypoglycemia related to dumping syndrome, has increased with the use of bariatric surgery. A case is presented in a patient who underwent bariatric surgery experiencing postoperative postprandial hypoglycemia. Dumping syndrome was confirmed by fasting and mixed-meal tests. Discussion and Conclusions: hypoglycemia is a common medical emergency and is usually secondary to medications used to treat diabetes. However, it may be spontaneous in non-diabetics and may be associated with multiple clinical disorders. Postoperative dumping syndrome following bariatric surgery may be disabling, with early or late manifestations. Diagnosis is based on symptoms and functional and imaging studies which confirm postprandial hypoglycemia and a rapid gastric emptying. Initial treatment is based on dietary modification, although medical therapy or surgical intervention may be required in refractory cases. Thus, the selection of candidates to undergo bariatric surgery must be conducted by a multidisciplinary group.

Masa pancreática: una presentación inhabitual de nesidioblastosis en el adulto / Pancreatic mass: an unusual presentation of nesidioblastosis in adults

A 41-year-old woman, multiparous of 4, with personal or familiar history of diabetes, with a history of Nissen fundoplication due to pathological gastro-oesophageal reflux, is refer to an endocrinologjst during her post-operatiye follow up, 4 months after her surgery for a 14 kg weight loss in 10 months and symtomatic hypoglycemia to repetition. A positive prolonged fasting test for hypoglycemia was performed. In addition, abdominal computed axial tomography was performed, which resulted normal and endosonography, showing a lesion on the head of the pancreas. Octreoscan positive for pancreatic head focal lesion with positive somatostatin receptors compatible with insulinoma. Whipple surgery was performed where surgeon palpated pancreatic tumor, biopsy showed tissue compatible with diffuse nesidioblastosis. In the postoperative period, the patient decreased frequency and intensity of hypoglycemic episodes compared to their previous stage. Control prolonged fasting test and Octreoscan were within normal ranges. However, 4 months after surgery, the patient presented hypoglycemia of lower intensity and frequency than before surgery. Currently he remains in control with nutritionist and endocrinologist, mainly adjusting diet and with good control glycemias.

Nesidioblastosis del adulto tras derivación gástrica / Nesidioblastosis in the adult following gastric bypass

La hipoglucemia por hiperinsulinismo endógeno ha sido descrita como una complicación de la cirugía bariátrica. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 34 años con tríada de Whipple que se manifestó ocho años después de someterse a derivación (bypass) gástrica. La hipoglucemia se asociaba con niveles elevados de insulina y péptido C, pero la localización del hiperinsulinismo endógeno solo se pudo precisar mediante cateterismo de arterias pancreáticas con estimulación intraarterial selectiva con calcio. Se decidió practicar una pancreatectomía subtotal laparoscópica, después de la cual el paciente presentó una excelente evolución posoperatoria y mejoró significativamente su sintomatología. Mediante la evaluación histopatológica e inmunohistoquímica, se confirmó una nesidioblastosis del adulto. Es importante reconocer esta enfermedad como una complicación de la cirugía bariátrica, más aún cuando estos procedimientos son tan frecuentes en la actualidad debido a la epidemia de obesidad. Los síntomas se pueden confundir con los de un síndrome de evacuación gástrica rápida (dumping), el cual no tiene repercusiones tan graves sobre la salud del paciente, como sí la tiene la nesidioblastosis

Hypoglycemia due to endogenous hyperinsulinism has been described as a complication of bariatric surgery. We present the case of a 34-year-old man who developed a Whipple's triad eight years after undergoing gastric bypass. Hypoglycemia was associated with high serum levels of insulin and C peptide; anatomic localization of endogenous hyperinsulinism was finally demonstrated with a selective intra-arterial calcium-stimulation test. Patient was offered a laparoscopic subtotal pancreatectomy, which resulted in an excellent postoperative course and significant symptoms resolution. Pathology report and inmunohistochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis of adult nesidioblastosis. We believe it is important to recognize this condition as a complication of bariatric surgery, a procedure performed more frequently nowadays due to the obesity epidemic. Symptoms might be confused with those of dumping syndrome which does not have severe consequences in the patient´s health as nesidioblastosis does

Difficult diagnosis and localization of focal nesidioblastosis: clinical implications of ⁶⁸Gallium-DOTA-D-Phe¹-Tyr³-octreotide PET scanning

Focal nesidioblastosis is a rare cause of endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in adults. Because it is difficult to localize and detect with current imaging modalities, nesidioblastosis is challenging for biliary-pancreatic surgeons. ⁶⁸Gallium-DOTA-D-Phe¹-Tyr³-octreotide PET scanning and ¹¹¹indium-pentetreotide diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid octreotide scanning may be superior to conventional imaging modalities in determining the localization of nesidioblastosis. We report the successful surgical treatment of a 54-year-old woman with focal hyperplasia of the islets of Langerhans, who experienced frequent hypoglycemic symptoms and underwent various diagnostic examinations with different results.

Difficult diagnosis and localization of focal nesidioblastosis: clinical implications of ⁶⁸Gallium-DOTA-D-Phe¹-Tyr³-octreotide PET scanning

Focal nesidioblastosis is a rare cause of endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in adults. Because it is difficult to localize and detect with current imaging modalities, nesidioblastosis is challenging for biliary-pancreatic surgeons. ⁶⁸Gallium-DOTA-D-Phe¹-Tyr³-octreotide PET scanning and ¹¹¹indium-pentetreotide diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid octreotide scanning may be superior to conventional imaging modalities in determining the localization of nesidioblastosis. We report the successful surgical treatment of a 54-year-old woman with focal hyperplasia of the islets of Langerhans, who experienced frequent hypoglycemic symptoms and underwent various diagnostic examinations with different results.

[Nesidioblastosis in adults]

Nesidioblastosis is a rare disorder in adults characterized by diffuse proliferation of islet cells. The ideal diagnostic and therapeutic approach is still controversial. The diagnosis in our case was made after distal pancreatectomy as the treatment of insulinoma. Finally, all the remaining pancreatic tissue had to be removed [total pancreatectomy] to control episodes of hypoglycemia

Clinical Features and Causes of Endogenous Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia in Korea

BACKGROUND: Endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (EHH) is characterized by an inappropriately high plasma insulin level, despite a low plasma glucose level. Most of the EHH cases are caused by insulinoma, whereas nesidioblastosis and insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) are relatively rare. METHODS: To evaluate the relative frequencies of various causes of EHH in Korea, we retrospectively analyzed 84 patients who were diagnosed with EHH from 1998 to 2012 in a university hospital. RESULTS: Among the 84 EHH patients, 74 patients (88%), five (6%), and five (6%) were diagnosed with insulinoma, nesidioblastosis or IAS, respectively. The most common clinical manifestation of EHH was neuroglycopenic symptoms. Symptom duration before diagnosis was 14.5 months (range, 1 to 120 months) for insulinoma, 1.0 months (range, 6 days to 7 months) for nesidioblastosis, and 2.0 months (range, 1 to 12 months) for IAS. One patient, who was diagnosed with nesidioblastosis in 2006, underwent distal pancreatectomy but was later determined to be positive for insulin autoantibodies. Except for one patient who was diagnosed in 2007, the remaining three patients with nesidioblastosis demonstrated severe hyperinsulinemia (157 to 2,719 microIU/mL), which suggests that these patients might have had IAS, rather than nesidioblastosis. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the prevalence of IAS may be higher in Korea than previously thought. Therefore, measurement of insulin autoantibody levels is warranted for EHH patients, especially in patients with very high plasma insulin levels.

Nesidioblastose do adulto: relato de caso / Adult nesidioblastosis: case report

Em 1938, Laidlaw utilizou o termo nesidioblastose referindo-se a uma neodiferenciação das ilhas beta de Langerhans, originada do epitélio dos conductos pancreáticos. Suas consequências clínicas são decorrentes dos efeitos da hipoglicemia sintomática: lipotimias, convulsões e até coma metabólico. A enfermidade é comum em neonatos com hipoglicemias persistentes, mas rara em adultos. Apresentamos um caso em paciente do sexo masculino, reportando a contribuição da ecoendoscopia para o diagnóstico e tratamento.

In 1938, Laidlaw first described nesidioblastosis, as Langerhans islets differenciation, arising by pancreatic ducts. Clinical consequences are result of symptomatic hypoglycemia effects, like: lipothymy, loss of consciousness or even metabolic coma. The pathology is common in infants with persistent hypoglycemia, but rare in adults. We describe a case in a 63 years old man, reporting the contribution of endosonograpy for diagnosis and treatment.

Nesidioblastosis: hipoglucemia hiperinsulinémica persistente en la infancia / Nesidioblastosis: persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in the childhood

Se presentan 2 casos clínicos de recién nacidas que, entre otros síntomas, presentaron cifras bajas de glucemia mantenidas (menores 2,2 mmol/L), por lo que fueron evaluadas en el Servicio de Endocrinología del Hospital Provincial Pediátrico Docente "Eduardo Agramonte Piña" de Camagüey, donde se les diagnosticó nesidioblastosis -- hipoglucemia neonatal persistente --. En una de las pacientes el tratamiento médico resultó favorable, pero en la otra fue necesario realizar la pancreatectomía subtotal. Actualmente ambas afectadas reciben esquemas terapéuticos adecuados a sus necesidades clínicas.

Two case reports of female newborns are presented who, among other symptoms, presented with low concentrations of maintained glucemia (lower than 2,2 mmol/L), so they were evaluated in the Endocrinology Service of "Eduardo Agramonte Piña" Teaching Pediatric Provincial Hospital in Camagüey, where they were diagnosed nesidioblastosis -- persistent neonatal hypoglycemia --. In one of the patients the medical treatment was favorable, but in the other it was necessary to carry out a subtotal pancreatectomy. At present both patients receive therapeutic schedules adjusted to their clinical needs.

A Case of Alpha-cell Nesidioblastosis and Hyperplasia with Multiple Glucagon-producing Endocrine Cell Tumor of the Pancreas / 대한소화기학회지

Nesidioblastosis is a term used to describe pathologic overgrowth of pancreatic islet cells. It also means maldistribution of islet cells within the ductules of exocrine pancreas. Generally, nesidioblastosis occurs in beta-cell and causes neonatal hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia or adult noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome. Alpha-cell nesidioblastosis and hyperplasia is an extremely rare disorder. It often accompanies glucagon-producing marco- and mircoadenoma without typical glucagonoma syndrome. A 35-year-old female was referred to our hospital with recurrent acute pancreatitis. On radiologic studies, 1.5 cm sized mass was noted in pancreas tail. Cytological evaluation with EUS-fine-needle aspiration suggested serous cystadenoma. She received distal pancreatectomy. The histologic examination revealed a 1.7 cm sized neuroendocrine tumor positive for immunohistochemical staining with glucagon antibody. Multiple glucagon-producing micro endocrine cell tumors were scattered next to the main tumor. Additionally, diffuse hyperplasia of pancreatic islets and ectopic proliferation of islet cells in centroacinar area, findings compatible to nesidioblastosis, were seen. These hyperplasia and almost all nesidioblastic cells were positive for glucagon immunochemistry. Even though serum glucagon level still remained higher than the reference value, she has been followed-up without any evidence of recurrence or hormone related symptoms. Herein, we report a case of alpha-cell nesidioblastosis and hyperplasia combined with glucagon-producing neuroendocrine tumor with literature review.

Nesidioblastosis and Pancreatic Non-functioning Islet Cell Tumor in an Adult with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

No abstract available.

Nesidioblastosis: hipoglucemia hiperinsulínica persistente en un recién nacido / Nesidioblastosis: persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in a newborn

Se presenta el caso clínico de un recién nacido a término por parto distócico (cesárea), debido a una toxemia gravídica, con antecedente de polihidramnios, que manifestó dificultad respiratoria a los pocos minutos del nacimiento y fue ingresado en el Hospital Infantil Norte Dr Juan de la Cruz Martínez Maceira de Santiago de Cuba. Le fueron detectadas cifras de glucemia muy bajas que, evolutivamente, trajeron aparejadas convulsiones tónico-clónicas generalizadas, cuyas frecuencias no se lograban disminuir. Se le diagnosticó una hipoglucemia hiperinsulínica persistente (nesidioblastosis) y fue trasladado a La Habana para recibir tratamientos clínico y quirúrgico definitivos. Actualmente es atendido por un equipo médico multidisciplinario

The case of a term infant by dystocia (cesarean section) due to pregnancy toxemia with history of polyhydramnios is presented, who had respiratory distress a few minutes after birth and he was admitted to Dr Juan de la Cruz Martínez Maceira Northern Children Hospital of Santiago de Cuba. Very low blood glucose levels were detected that progressively caused tonic-clonic seizures, which frequencies could not be reduced. He was diagnosed with persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (nesidioblastosis) and was transferred to Havana to receive definitive clinical and surgical treatments. Currently, he is treated by a multidisciplinary medical team

A case of adult nesidioblastosis mimicking an insulinoma and autoimmune hypoglycemia / 대한내과학회지

Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in the absence of exogenous insulin use is caused by disorders such as insulinoma, diffuse beta-cell hyperplasia/nesidioblastosis, and autoimmune hypoglycemia. Nesidioblastosis is a rare cause of hypoglycemia in adults, accounting for 0.5~7.0% of organic hyperinsulinemia cases. Although pancreatic resection is considered the best treatment modality for curing nesidioblastosis, there is no consensus regarding the indications for and extent of the surgery due to its high risk and complication rate. A 75-year-old woman presented with an altered mental state, a mass suspected of being an insulinoma, and insulin receptor antibodies. The patient underwent surgery because of recurrent life-threatening hypoglycemia. Postoperative pathology of her pancreas revealed nesidioblastosis.

Tumores endócrinos del páncreas / Endocrine tumors of the pancreas

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) is a rare familial disorder that affects multiple endocrine organs. it is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern with variable penetrance. There are two distinct types of MEN. Dominantly inherited neoplasia are believed to occur from the recessive loss of tumor suppressor gene function. The first mutational event affects the germ cell, is hereditary, and predisposes to neoplasia. Because tumors occur in multiple organs in MEN, the second mutational evento probably occurs in common precursor cells, such as the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation cells (APUD). The gene locus for tupe 1 MEN has been mapped to cromosome 11q. Type 1 organs affected: parathyroids, pancreas and pituitary. The gene locus for type 2 MEN is thought to be located for chromosome 10, (other organs). Fifty to 60 % of patients with type 1 MEN have pancreaticislet cell tumors. Insulinomas are tumors that originate in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans, which compose the APUD system, the meaning of which is: A=Amino, P=Precursor, U=Uptake, D=Decarboxylation. The cells fo the APUD system have common cytochemical characteristics with the ability to secret polypeptides and amines. Symptoms are related to the peptide secreted by the tumor, and some tumors can produce multiple peptides. Gastrinomas comprise about 60 % of type 1 MEN-associated islet cell tumors. Gastric acid hypersecretion results from excess gstrin secretion and causes multiple gastric and duodenal ulcers (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome). The author describe an experience with this pathology with special reference to diagnostic methods, treatment, follow-up, laboratory studies and localization of the tumor.

Nesidioblastosis del adulto coexistente con insulinoma / Adult Nesidioblastosis Concurrent with Insulinoma

La nesidioblastosis es poco común, pero ampliamente reconocida como causa de la hipoglucemia hiperinsulinémica persistente de la infancia. En adultos, el insulinoma es la principal causa de hipoglucemia hiperinsulinémica, pero también se han identificado casos de nesidioblastosis, los cuales se denominan ‘síndrome de hipoglucemia pancreatógena no insulinoma’. Los primeros casos de nesidioblastosis del adulto que fueron descritos se asociaron con otras condiciones, como insulinoma y tumores neuroendocrinos pancreáticos y MEN-1. En este artículo se describe un caso de nesidioblastosis coexistente con insulinoma en una paciente de 20 años; se hace una revisión de la literatura; se plantea la discusión sobre su posible etiología, presentación clínica, diagnóstico, tratamiento y, finalmente, se presenta un algoritmo para su estudio.

Nesidioblastosis is infrequent; however, it is widely recognized as the cause of persistent infant hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. Among adults, insulinoma is the major cause of hyperinsulinemia hypoglycemia, but identification has also been made of cases of nesidioblastosis which are designated as ´non insulinoma pancreatogena hypoglycemic syndrome´. The first case descriptions of adult nesidioblastosis were associated with other conditions such as insulinoma and neuroenodocrinal pancreatic tumors, and MEN-1. This article describes a case of nesidioblastosis concurrent with insulinoma in a 20-year old patient; the literature is reviewed; discussion is provided on possible etiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment, and a concluding algorithm.

Hypoglycemia due to Focal Nesidioblastosis in a Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus / 당뇨병

We report a 45-year-old man with type 2 diabetes who presented with recurrent hypoglycemia. Biochemical and imagingstudies did not show any mass-like lesion in the pancreas, so prednisolone and diazoxide were administered for the treatment of hypoglycemia. However, the hypoglycemia persisted during and after the medical treatment. A selective arterial calcium stimulation test was performed and revealed a suspicious lesion at the head of the pancreas. The patient underwent enucleation of the pancreas head lesion. The lesion was confirmed histologically to be focal nesidioblastosis and surgical resection was successfully performed. The patient showed no hypoglycemic symptoms postoperatively.

Chronologic Change of Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemic Disease-insulinoma and Nesidioblastosis in 64 Patients

PURPOSE: Insulinomas and nesidioblastosis are surgically curarable hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic diseases; however the symptoms, diagnosis, and localization of these diseases are sometimes difficult. METHODS: From April 1990 to December 2008, patients with diagnosis of pancreatic insulinoma and nesidioblastosis were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: In the entire cohort, there were 6 patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1), 7 patients with nesidioblastosis, and 7 patients with multiple lesions. The incidence of neuroglycopenic symptoms (71.5%) was more prevalent than autonomic symptoms (26.5%). The pre-operative localization methods were computed tomography (CT), transabdominal ultrasonography, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), angiography, selective arterial calcium stimulation with venous sampling (ASVS), and transhepatic portal venous sampling (THPVS) which had sensitivities of 75%, 40%, 75%, 64%, 48%, 20%, and 87%, respectively. During the second half of the study period, CT had a sensitivity of 83%. THPVS was the most sensitive method of all the diagnostic tools. Intra-operative palpation and ultrasonography were the most powerful modalities for tumor localization. The surgical treatments included enucleation (20%), distal pancreatectomy (51%), central pancreatectomy (12%), pancreaticoduodenectomy (15%), and near-total pancreatectomy (1.5%). From 2006, laparascopic surgery was used as the preferred treatment modality for insulinomas. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis and precise localization is the most important aspect of treating insulinomas. For better localization, dual phase spiral CT and intra-operative ultrasonography play an important role in tumor localization.

Chronologic Change of Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemic Disease-insulinoma and Nesidioblastosis in 64 Patients

PURPOSE: Insulinomas and nesidioblastosis are surgically curarable hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic diseases; however the symptoms, diagnosis, and localization of these diseases are sometimes difficult. METHODS: From April 1990 to December 2008, patients with diagnosis of pancreatic insulinoma and nesidioblastosis were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: In the entire cohort, there were 6 patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1), 7 patients with nesidioblastosis, and 7 patients with multiple lesions. The incidence of neuroglycopenic symptoms (71.5%) was more prevalent than autonomic symptoms (26.5%). The pre-operative localization methods were computed tomography (CT), transabdominal ultrasonography, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), angiography, selective arterial calcium stimulation with venous sampling (ASVS), and transhepatic portal venous sampling (THPVS) which had sensitivities of 75%, 40%, 75%, 64%, 48%, 20%, and 87%, respectively. During the second half of the study period, CT had a sensitivity of 83%. THPVS was the most sensitive method of all the diagnostic tools. Intra-operative palpation and ultrasonography were the most powerful modalities for tumor localization. The surgical treatments included enucleation (20%), distal pancreatectomy (51%), central pancreatectomy (12%), pancreaticoduodenectomy (15%), and near-total pancreatectomy (1.5%). From 2006, laparascopic surgery was used as the preferred treatment modality for insulinomas. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis and precise localization is the most important aspect of treating insulinomas. For better localization, dual phase spiral CT and intra-operative ultrasonography play an important role in tumor localization.